Measuring and filtering microwave radiations using frequency selective surface through energy saving glass

This thesis presents the results of our investigation into the measurement and filtering of microwave radiation, and the subsequent development of a microwave reduction solution for modern building architecture utilising Energy Saving Glass (ESG), in conjunction with Frequency Selective (FSS) surfaces through which useful signals can be filtered. In the investigation, radiation power density levels arising from the three common microwave sources (radio base stations, mobile phones, and microwave ovens) were measured, and the results were compared with the standards provided by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. For the radio base stations, the relationship between radiation intensity levels and the important location parameters at the measurement point, e.g., line of sight, distance and elevation, are discussed in detail. Our results show that locations having the same elevation level as the RBS receive higher level of radiation, compared to those locations not at the same level. Power density of the radiation from microwave ovens was measured at various distances and angles. The results indicate that most of the radiation is emitted through the main door of the ovens, with the doors normally being assembled utilising simple float glass. ESG was found to have desirable radiation attenuating characteristics, and was identified as an effective replacement for float glass in microwave oven doors. In our investigation of the third potentially hazardous source of microwave radiation, the mobile handset, measurements were carried out in order to analyse power density levels during both call and idle times. Our results confirm that some handsets do not change power level, while others use higher power to communicate with the base station during a call. It is our recommendation that the manufacturers label each handset with the specific transmission power level in order to provide users with the relevant information. The conclusions drawn from our investigations lead us to recommend that ESG be used in buildings close to RBS, so that the levels of unnecessary radiation are reduced. However, useful signals would still be transmitted by utilising the dual bandpass FSS filters designed as part of this work. We designed two distinct models of bandpass FSS filters on hard coated ESG. The first filter that we designed will block microwave signals coming from weather radar, personal communication devices, power transmission lines and emergency service radios, while transmitting useful UMTS and Wi-Fi signals; minimising the radiation impact. Only 7.30% of the coating area of the glass was removed to enable transmission in the U850 and U2100 frequency bands. The second design requires the removal of 12.35% of the coating area to enable transmission in the U800, U850, U1900 and U2100 frequency bands. Simulation results for the two designs show stable frequency responses for both TE and TM polarisations at normal and oblique incident angles, with attenuation\u27s below 10 dB within the passbands. Parametric studies on geometrical dimensions, substrate permittivity, and thickness help clarify the effects of these parameters upon the overall performance of FSS on hard coating ESG, and help the process of FSS design optimisation

The Influence of Human Resource Practices on Internal Customer Satisfaction and Organizational Effectiveness

It is generally believed that the impact of Human Resource Practices on internal customer satisfaction can create comparative advantage for the organizational performance. The main objective of this study was to find out the impact of Human Resource Practices on internal customer satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The impact of human resource practices on the overall performance of organizations has been a leading subject of research and the results have been encouraging, indicative of positive relationship between Human Resource practices and organizational effectiveness. Data was collected through personally administered questionnaire-based survey from 290 banking personnel of Pakistan. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the anticipated model. The results showed that some Human Resource Practices appear to be linked to internal customer satisfaction and organizational effectiveness. The implications for practitioners were to modify and emphasize certain human resource practices, and to emphasize the role of internal customers for organizational effectiveness enhancement. These findings revealed the importance of internal customers in enhancing employee morale, organizational commitment, employee productivity, turnover rate and the organization’s ability to attract talent

Terrorism and Foreign Direct Investments in Pakistan: A Cointegration Analysis

The study is an attempt to explore the long term dynamic relationship between terrorism and foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Monthly time series data from 1995 to 2013 was used for this analysis. After finding all of the time series stationary at first difference, Johansen cointegration approach is applied for finding long run dynamics. Both unidirectional and bidirectional Granger causality are observed between explanatory variables and foreign direct investments. Johanson cointegration approach indicates the presence of long-term dynamic relationship between terrorism and foreign direct investment. The Johanson and juselius cointegration analysis show two cointegrating equations. Terrorism is found to have negative and significant impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. The study also suggests some policy implications. Keywords: Foreign direct investment, Terrorism, Cointegration, Pakista

Overconfidence Behavior and Managerial Decisions: Evidence from Pakistan

The plan of this research is to probe the overconfidence behavior and managerial decisions in the Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE) and different banks of Rawalpindi & Islamabad. To identify the impact of self-assuredly: future forecasting, analyzing market information, observing market fluctuations, and making decisions on the basis of financial wealth on the outcomes. The information on 61 feedback forms were gathered from the managers of the mutual funds and the branch as well as operation managers of various banks from Islamabad & Rawalpindi about overconfidence behavior & its influence on their decision making ability and judgments according to the future forecasting, available market information, financial wealth, and contrary evidences/market fluctuations were computed from side to side this data. With the help of the model of simple regression, we realize the ratios of all the variables (independent & dependent). Future forecasting, market information, financial wealth, and contrary evidences were found positively associated with overconfidence behavior of the investor. This study exposes the outcome of overconfidence behavior/psychology of human on the poor performance of the market: what kind of dynamics might shape the marketplace that is in attendance in each and every individual. Managers, by some means can predict the future movements of the market and make rational decisions if they carefully analyze the available market information and observe the current market fluctuations. Keywords: Overconfidence, Managerial decisions, Pakista

Wood carving- traditional art of Malaysia to be a safeguard and protected / Irfan ullah

The protection of traditional crafts represents one of the goals of Intangible cultural heritage to be safeguarded, as defined in the UNESCO 2003 Convention. In the field of architecture, traditional carving is embodied in construction techniques in the interior decoration and ornamentation of historic buildings. The architectural and artistic value of the historic objects means protection of their intangible aspect which is to be kept and nurtured for future generations. Wood carving has been an important craft in the dialect architecture practiced by Malay craftsmen in Peninsular Malaysia as early as the 14th century. One of the famous components or items in the vernacular buildings are an ornamental component and it is prominent in traditional buildings. The Carved component also found one of elements with architectural identity for traditional houses in the northeastern region of Peninsular Malaysia. Today the methods are changing regarding the traditional ways of carving the wooden pieces and increased changes in building technology. The knowledge of the local crafts is broadly forgotten regarding the traditional methods for the new generation of wood carvers. Thorough knowledge of the old local ornaments which are applied in the craft, the conservation methodology of the carving which consists of the use of traditional ornaments, means conveying of the traditional methods to the new generation of craftsmen. Nurturing the traditional way of woodcarving represents one integrated process of transferring the skills of the craft as human art and part of the traditional architectur

Proximally Based Medial Hemi-Soleus Muscle Flap Employed For Moderate-Sized Pretibial Defects of the Middle Third of the Leg

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to document the clinical indications and outcome of proximally based medial Hemi-soleus muscle flap for coverage of moderate-sized complex pretibial defects of the middle third of the leg. METHODOLOGY This descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Plastic Surgery, National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad and Burn & Trauma Center, Hayatabad, Peshawar, over five years. (i.e., from November 01, 2016, to December 31, 2021). It included all adult patients of either gender whose complex pretibial wounds of the middle third leg were managed with proximally based medial Hemi-soleus muscle flaps. RESULTS The mean age was 31.40±9.83 years, ranging between 19-47 years. All the patients had complex post-traumatic defects secondary to road traffic accidents. There were 9(33.3%) patients with minor defects (i.e., measuring ≤2×2 cm2), whereas 18(66.6%) patients had medium-sized defects (i.e., ≥2×2 cm2 and ≤7×5 cm2). Their hospital stay ranged between 9-15 days with a mean stay of 11.92±3.1 days. All the flaps (100%) survived. Partial skin graft loss was encountered among three patients (n=3;11.1%). CONCLUSION The study provides a good evidence base regarding the usefulness of the flap in managing complex defects of the leg. It is recommended to carry out similar studies internationally. These should help improve our findings and come up with further refinements

Impact of HR Competencies on Employee’s Job Satisfaction

This study examines the role of human resource (HR) competencies on employee’s job satisfaction in telecom sector of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Less amount of literature is found regarding the impact of organization architect and trust management on employee’s job satisfaction. For this purpose, data was collected from employees of Pakistani telecom sector. It was concluded that organization architect and trust management have positive impact on employees job satisfaction. This study is limited to only one sector and only region of Rawalpindi and Islamabad was considered. This study may help the industrial practitioners in retaining their work force, and for enhancing commitment to their work and also, organization and trust management would lead the company to generate integrity, regard and support among workers. Keywords: HR competencies; Social exchange relationship; Employee job satisfaction; Telecom sector

Impact of Parents’ Income Level on Students’ Self-Concept at Secondary Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

It is a fact that there are different situations which directly or indirectly affect the students’ self-concept therefore; the present study was designed to investigate the impact of parents’ income level on 10 grade public schools students’ self-concept at secondary level in southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of this study were (a) to find out parents income level  in the six southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, (b) to find out the level of self-concept of students in the six southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , and (c) to determine whether the parents’ income level has any impact on the self-concept of students. The data were collected from a sample (N =400) of 10th grade students in the urban and rural secondary public schools. A partially adapted questionnaire was used for measuring the parents’ level of education and the students’ self-concept.  The data collected were analyzed through SPSS 20. Regression and β (coefficient of impact) were used as statistical techniques.  The findings of the study revealed that parents’ education had a consistent and positive impact on students’ self-concept. Keywords: parents’ income level, Students’ self-concept, academic competenc

Cosmological Consequences of New Dark Energy Models in Einstein-Aether Gravity

In this paper, we reconstruct various solutions for the accelerated universe in the Einstein-Aether theory of gravity. For this purpose, we obtain the effective density and pressure for Einstein-Aether theory. We reconstruct the Einstein-Aether models by comparing its energy density with various newly proposed holographic dark energy models such as Tsallis, R$\acute{e}$nyi and Sharma-Mittal. For this reconstruction, we use two forms of scale factor, power-law and exponential forms. The cosmological analysis of underlying scenario has been done by exploring different cosmological parameters. This includes equation of state parameter, squared speed of sound and evolutionary equation of state parameter via graphical representation. We obtain some favorable results for some values of model parameters.Comment: 32 pages, 18 figures, version accepted for publication in Symmetr